Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay -- essays research papers fc

Literary Criticism of Fahrenheit 451 Don’t worry, be happy, or at least that’s what everyone in Ray Bradbury’s book Fahrenheit 451 thought. No matter what was going on around them, war, crime, or death, they were always happy†¦ Or were they? Ray Bradbury wrote books about censorship in society forming around being censored totally or partially from books and television. In Fahrenheit 451 the main character, Montag, is a fireman whose job it is to burn books to keep the public from reading then and coming up with their own thoughts and ideas and not the ideas that the government puts in their heads. Wile he is burning books one day he opens one to read it and becomes obsessed with reading books. He turns on his fire chief and burns him, and goes to live with people who also read books and memorize them so that they can be reprinted then society is ready for them again. Three people that show that they are happy on the outside but are not truly happy are Montag, Mildred and Mrs. Phelps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story, Montag, who is a fireman for the city thinks he is happy until he meets a neighbor girl named Clarisse. Clarisse is considered an oddball in the society of Fahrenheit 451 because she is â€Å"antisocial† in their world which actually means that she is social by today’s standards. She talks to people about things instead of the people of 451 who talk about meaningless things that have no substance. Peter Sesario says that’s she is considered to be this way because, â€Å"She was a sensitive, observant person who questioned society and was consequently eliminated by the government (3).†One day as Montag and Clarisse are walking down the street Clarisse says to Montag, â€Å"Are you Happy?†(10). Montag is speechless and before he could come up with and answer Clarisse is gone. As he enters his house he talks to himself, â€Å"Of course I’m happy. What does she think? I’m not?†(10) When he is saying this he looks up to the ceiling where he has Hidden books which are things that actually make him happy instead of the things around him which he thinks makes him happy. She also notices that when Montag laughs it is a fake laugh and that he doesn’t really mean it when he laughs. Also when he smiles it is not a real smile which further goes to show that he isn’t happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another character that seems like she is happy but really is n... ...racter other than Montag who sees for herself that she is not actually happy. Three of the main characters in this story who you may think are happy in the beginning of the book but you figure out how unhappy they really are by reading into the book are Montag, Mildred, and Mrs. Phelps. Montag is one of the few people in the book who actually realizes that he is not happy towards the end of the novel. Mildred never realizes what happiness really is and ends up leaving Montag because of her inability to grasp what happiness is really about. Mrs. Phelps, who finally realizes that she is not happy, gets mad at Montag when he shows her that she is not happy and does not appreciate the good that he has done in her life by showing her that she is a very heartless person. Even though the people in Fahrenheit 451 live by the saying, don’t worry be happy, no one in the 451 world is actually happy at all. Works Cited Eller, E. Edward. â€Å"Fahrenheit 451.† 1998. Exploring Novels. Ed. Ray Bradbury. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 3-4 Sisario, Peter. â€Å"Fahrenheit 451.† 1970. English Journal. Ray Bradbury. Literature Resource Center, 2004. 4 Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Books, 1953

Include strategies Essay

Plan, implement and evaluate at least three activities for children in the foundation stage. You should ensure that across the three plans there are learning goals from each of the 6 areas of learning. Your plans should include strategies for differentiation.  Claire Field  Preston College  Introduction  The purpose of this work is to review the nature and content of the foundation stage curriculum and to consider the theoretical underpinning and underlying principles that have assisted in the formation of this early years practice. Through the planning and implementation of three activities, spanning the full spectrum of the foundation stage curriculum, the writer aims to identify and meet the needs of foundation stage children. This work will then evaluate the provisions for these children and investigate further the ways in which differentiation strategies can be implemented to ensure all children, regardless of their abilities, or stage of development, may receive the curriculum, delivered in a style appropriate to them and their own personal requirements. In 1988 the Conservative government, under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher, legislated that a National Curriculum be in force for pupils between the ages of 5 and 16, because she believed that  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœa good educational system was essential for the future  success of the nation’ (Ridley, 1992, p92)  Although a curriculum was in place for ages 5 to 16, there was a distinct lack of standardised learning for the early years. Margaret Hodge joined the Department for Education in 1998 and was responsible for reforming pre-school education policy (www.news.bbc.co.uk 12/10/2006). She was actively involved in the implementation of the Foundation Stage Curriculum in September 2000 and the publishing of the guidance to accompany this. The abilities of children are multifaceted and the foundation stage curriculum gives practitioners a much less rigid approach than the National Curriculum, by following the children’s progress using stepping stones. As the foundation stage curriculum is a government legislated policy, this means that all children should follow it. As it is flexible in the way in which it is implemented, it means that different types of settings can fashion the teaching methods to follow it in their own way. This means that whether a child attends a pre-school, an LEA nursery, a work-based nursery, or indeed a childminder, they are provided with the same curriculum. This is governed by Ofsted who maintain this proviso through their regular inspections. Good planning is essential in ensuring that all the practitioners involved can build a picture of the children’s development programme. Not only does it provide them with a premeditated programme of learning, but it also gives an opportunity for discussion to take place, where they can think about how they can progress children through the various stages of learning. For the practitioner to ensure all areas of the curriculum are covered, the planning must,  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœentail attention to overall (long-term) planning, medium  and short-term planning†¦for every aspect of every  lesson’ (Cohen et al, 2004, p125) Long term planning ensures that all the areas and aspects of learning within the curriculum are covered throughout the whole year and provides a template for the medium term planning. Correct use of the Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage, together with the knowledge of the practitioners relating to the individual children, means that the children experience new and exciting ways to learn through play. The long term plans of the settings must be flexible. They should incorporate the schools ethos and provide for an enriched curriculum with scope for differentiation to allow inclusion. Medium term planning then identifies the specific topics of work to be covered over the term, or half term. From these the practitioner then sets out the weekly activity plans, to guarantee full coverage of the learning outcomes within the set topics. It is vital that the plans cover the whole of the six areas of learning and that the practitioner assesses the progress of the children, in order to make certain that they are all progressing to the best of their capabilities. Recording achievements as stepping stones enables early years practitioners’ to carry out assessments whilst the children are involved in activities, thus preventing the child having any knowledge that an appraisal of their skills and understandings is being undertaken. Planning and evaluating the success criteria of an activity allows the practitioner to be certain that every area of the curriculum is covered. Piaget introduced three principles of cognitive development and these apply to all of the subjects studied in this report. His first principle is assimilation. He says that children do not absorb all the information they encounter. They actively engage in the assimilation process and learn what is relevant to them at their stage of development. The schema stage is next. During this phase the children relate what they know already to their current situation. The third phase is where the child wishes to seek stability cognitively. He utilises the knowledge gained and applies it to make a general logical picture (Oakley, 2004). From this it is clear to see how the children gain the learning and knowledge applicable to them by interpreting activities in their own way.

Secondhand Smoking Should Be Illegal - 1276 Words

In our generation smoking still exists even though there are some people who quit smoking and there are some still smoke in ages, however the only problem in our society, people who smoke around youngsters called as well as secondhand smoking is a detective around children and adults. It is important that secondhand smoke shouldn’t be smoking around their own children or underage due to health. Secondhand smoking, tobacco smoke is exhaled by a second smoker or is given off by burning tobacco and also is inhaled by someone nearby which it’s called passive Smoke. It occurs when tobacco smoke spread throughout any environment, which causes it s inhalation by people within that particular environment. The state of being exposed to secondhand†¦show more content†¦Children s lungs are still developing at young ages and adult’s occurs harmful effects on the heart. There are millions of children breathing smoke in their home with second hand smoke and second han d smokers don’t realize that their children are especially at more risk to their health than they are. Smoking in vehicles with under age of 18 should ban the law and children whose parents smoke around should also be illegal because in a small enclosed space such as a vehicle with a sunroof has more toxic air which expose breathing more rapidly. According to the author Leada Grove, created an article from AL.com wrote that â€Å"80 percent of smoke is invisivble and opening windows does not remove its harmful effects. The level of toxic air in a vehicle where someone is smoking is up to 10 times worse than levels that is considered hazardous†. Approximately 250,000 children and adults (non smokers) have died from health problems that exposed to secondhand smoke. Some states in the U.S. had established the secondhand smoke law that is illegal, however other states are still under construction to establish this law. All states should make this law a new law for all sec ond hand smokers because as of right now our country have gained a major health issue and money wise for the government. From the other side of my argument, People who smoke argue that they have personal rights and the right to burn their own cigarette any way they

The Father Of Participant Observation - 870 Words

Furthermore, functionalist emphasized fieldwork much like historical particularism. The â€Å"father of participant observation† Malinowski was a psychological functionalist. His stay in the Trobriand Islands was not his choice due to war, however, his method of ethnography made him one of the greatest ethnographers known today (McGee Warms 2012: 152). Compared to historical particularism, he reinforced that anthropologist should immerse themselves in the local culture. Malinowski describes ethnographic fieldwork as â€Å"where the most generalized inferences are obtained as the result of long inquiries and laborious inductions,† (Malinowski 2012: 157). The long inquiries he is referring to is the same design Boas and Radin were doing. All three men resided with the natives for extensive periods of time to collect a complete understanding of what culture is to another group of individuals. In addition to the emphasis on fieldwork and learning the native language, functionalism and historical particularism also share concepts related to Kroeber as well as Radcliffe-Brown. Both anthropologists were interested in the roles and rules of societies and not the individual. They were stressing the super-organic nature of society. It is important to note that the idea that the individual is unimportant is not true for all advocates of historical particularism. Kroeber is the anthropologist that strays from his mentor Boas in this example. Kroeber’s idea is civilization is apart from theShow MoreRelatedThe Cognitive Behavioural Approach to Counselling Therapy.1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. Participant observation How do we really find out about the way of life of a group of people? One way is to join them – to participate in their daily activities amp; observe what they say and do. This research method is known as participant observation. It was used by John Howard Griffin (1960) a white journalist who dyed his skin black in order to discover what it was likeRead MoreThe Effect Of Performance Measurement On The Public Sector1533 Words   |  7 PagesWho is considered the father of TQM, what are the key elements, and why are they important in our discussion of performance measurement in the public sector? The father of Total Quality Management is W. Edwards Deming. The key elements of TQM are: 1. Leaders must develop and disseminate the aims and purposes of the organization. Management must also commit to them. 2. Everyone, including upper management, must learn the new philosophy. 3. In the interest of processes improvement and cost reductionRead MoreThe Article Fathers Involvement On Children s Services : Exploring Local And National Issues1421 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be critiquing the article ‘Fathers Involvement in Children s Services: Exploring Local and National Issues in ‘Moorlandstown’ (Gillina et al, 2012). The article uses qualitative method to establish why fathers are less likely to access children services. It will be using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) framework to understand qualitative research to critique this research (CASP, 2013). 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The literature reviewed is based on European men. Paternal involvement with pregnancy and delivery has positive outcomes, yet there is little help offered geared towards men in regards to parent ing. This literature review expands on reasons and possible ways toRead MoreRelationship Measures Of Attachment Security And Parental Sensitivity1214 Words   |  5 Pagespositively related, which adds to the literature supporting the validity of the AQS and MBQS-mini (Tarabulsy, et al., 2009). Moreover, these findings were anticipated as the two measures are complementary and can be assessed using the same parent-child observations. Parental sensitivity was related to all EA dimensions. In contrast, attachment security was not related to any dimensions of EA, except the dimension of adult structuring. The latter findings failed to replicate results in past research whichRead MoreThe Basic Process For Conducting Psychology Research797 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen invented. The basic process for conducting psychology research involves asking a question, designing a study, collecting data, analysing results, reaching conclusions and sharing the findings. Case studies, surveys, naturali stic observation, and laboratory observation are some of the examples of descriptive or correlational research methods psychologists use to conduct their studies. Case study a collection of data about a person, event, group, or community. The data can be primary or secondaryRead MoreIncreasing A Desired Social Skill For A Typically Developing Male1623 Words   |  7 Pagesto target it in other environments with his peers to promote generalization of this skill. Student Description The participant chosen for this study is a four-year-old typically developing male. In order to obtain anonymity we will call this client, Sean. Sean is currently enrolled in a private pre-kindergarten class. Sean s primary caregivers are his mother and father who reside with him and his younger sibling, who is 14 months of age. Sean typically struggles with sharing toys withRead MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research1442 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. (Denzin Lincoln, 2005, p. 3) Different from quantitative research that collects and analyzes numerical data, qualitative research deals with non-numerical data such as interviews, participant observations, audio and visual images, field notes, reflexive journals, and document. Additionally, different from quantitative research that data are collected and interpreted based on large size of samples, qualitative research usually generate dataRead MoreCorrelation Between Prosocial Behaviors And Prosocial Behavior1491 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviors and empathy-related responding at later ages than compliant sharing, helping, or spontaneous helping. Sample Participants included 16 males and 16 females (30 Caucasian, 2 of Hispanic origin) interviewed 11 times across the period from 4 to 24 years of age. Parents level of education averaged 16.0 years for the mother and 17.0 years for the father. By the time the participants had reached age 23-24, 2 had earned junior college degrees, 14 had earned a college degree, 4 were in graduate school

The World Is Flat, By Thomas Friedman - 1425 Words

In our world of a frequently mutable economy, there is no such thing as a sure thing. The rollercoaster effect of falling and rising expenses and needs for jobs are continuously changing as our times become more and more digital. Americans are finding that the life they cherish so dearly may be gone in a matter of seconds. Most however, lack the concept of why everything seems to be slipping away. People have become too comfortable riding of the coat tails of innovators that paved the way before them and they are finding themselves lost in the shuffle. The rest of the world is catching up and in the words of Thomas Friedman, in The World is Flat, [we] simply are not educating, or even interesting, enough of our own young people in advanced math, science, and engineering (349). Therefore, we must combat this issue at hand. America has grown idle due to the achievements of previous ideas and although we have been amusing ourselves, bathing in our own narcissism, we are no longer at the top, no longer a positive anomaly. We aren’t producing skilled and knowledgeable workers to keep our superiority, which is a direct result of an extremely problematic education system. Thus, in order to repair the damages done and the severe amount of problems in the American education system, a better functioning national system of higher education must be established. I suggest that vocational/technological schools should be combined to join in with the free community college proposal. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman856 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaker Thomas Friedman is speaking at MIT, which is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. â€Å"He is an American journalist specializing in foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues. â€Å" (Daniel H. Pink) He is talking about the basis on what the book is about and how he understood this new phenomenon. The book is titled â€Å"The Worl d Is Flat†. This title is referring to â€Å"the global economic playing field being leveled.† This is a tremendousRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman854 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaker Thomas Friedman speaks at MIT, which is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. â€Å"He is an American journalist specializing in foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues. â€Å" (Daniel H. Pink) He is talking about the basis of what the book is about and how he understood this new phenomenon. The book is titled â€Å"The World Is Flat†. This title refers to â€Å"the global economic playing field being leveled.† This is a tremendous achievementRead MoreThe World Is Flat by Thomas Friedman931 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman draws attention to some very good points concerning globalization and the world economy today. Friedman emphasizes the status of Ame rica today in relation to the other countries of the world. As I looked at the things in which he warned about or highlighted, I realized the importance of this issue. He talks about a few aspects in which need to be kept competitive in order for America to retain their current standing in the world market. First ofRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman1220 Words   |  5 PagesThis special reports dives into the changing business world of India. It starts off by describing a big day for India, one where county leaders discussed the fact that business people in their country feel disheartened and the dynastic culture of the entrepreneurs in India. â€Å"The world is Flat† by Thomas Friedman is mentioned as he describes India as a â€Å"silicon Valet with worse roads and spicier food†. And an idea of a new form of capitalism in India is discussed; stating that Indian capitalism isRead MoreThe World Is Flat By The Thomas Friedman1212 Words   |  5 Pageshave become a survival need for enterprise especially small enterprises. This aspect of change is ratified by the Thomas Friedman, a Pulitzer prize-winning author.in his book â€Å"The World is flat. He argued that it not necessary alone for the company; however, every must strive for innovative change in this cru el world of competition. According to Brett Clay, today’s world is Darwinian world. 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In â€Å"The Last Superpower† an excerpt from the book The Post American World by Fareed Zakaria published in 2008. Zakaria emphasizes on these changes. Thomas Friedman the author of â€Å"The World is Flat† a piece from the book The World is Flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century published in 2005 also emphasizes on the same changes currently happening in the world. Zakaria and Friedman define these changes

Diana in the Docks free essay sample

She was arguing that her privacy had been breached when Bryce Taylor, the manager at her gym, set up a camera in the ceiling and took photos of her using the leg press and sold the photos to the Mirror. ? Defendant: Bryce Taylor was the defendant. He was in fact being represented by Geoffrey Robertson himself. Robertson was assigned y the court to be Taylor’s lawyer to try and make sure the trial was as fair as possible. Robertson believed that the gym was as public as could be and that anyone could have taken photos from outside the street, so what difference did it make that they were taken inside the gym. ? â€Å"LA Fitness (the gym) comprised one giant room†¦ so that everybody could see everybody else. The leg-press machine that Diana used was in front of a vast glass wall looking onto a public thoroughfare†¦ she had not objected when children pressed their noses to the glass and exclaimed, ‘Look at the Princess of Wales! ’† On the other hand, he raised the point that she could have been entitled to at least a little bit of privacy, that the manager â€Å"owed Diana some measures of consideration†. We will write a custom essay sample on Diana in the Docks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? Robertson argued that Diana was mostly to blame for the potential breach in privacy and should have been more careful with her action and known that she would not have privacy in such a public place.. Many people saw her there everyday, so what difference did it make if the images of her working out were frozen and replicated in a newspaper. â€Å"Offering her honorary membership†¦ by saving 500 pounds/year she weakened her claim that he owed her confidentiality, because she had not paid for any. † â€Å"She acquired no enforceable rights against covert photography. The Mirror had depicted what dozens of members had seen with their own eyes, and what children has seen when they gawked through the window. † ? Robertson explains how Taylor sought advice before taking the photos so he could be sure there was no law against it ? â€Å"He had gone to see a leading solicitor who told him hat since there was no protection for privacy his actions were not illegal and on that assurance he had gone ahead. † ? â€Å"Diana had been the victim of a dirty trick which provided windfall profits to undeserving people. But could she, and if so, should she, sue? † – Robertson’s opinion is that Taylor should not have done what he did even if it wasn’t illegal and was just a â€Å"trick†. The rhetorical question demonstrates a shift in tone and prepares the reader for the detail of the case that was to come. ? Could the Justice Game be won convincingly and without damage to herself† Justice comes at a price when it really shouldn’t because the person receiving justice is in the right and should not have to pay in any way for that. ? â€Å"I might have preferred to act for the princess. † shows Robertson’s personal opinion. Suggests he may have struggled to argue for Taylor because he didn’t truly believe he was right. But did this matter? † Rhetorical question shows shift in perspective; takes recount from defending Taylor to defending Diana. â€Å"But Diana wanted privacy only when it suited her. † has. As a popular figure, she really doesn’t have a choice over the privacy and yet she wants to control it. ? This is almost insulting fame and the influence it â€Å"Of privacy which requires protection not because of any contract or confidentiality or fiduciary relationship, but by reason of our humanity. † This is related to the preface when Robertson says that â€Å"this book argues for humanity† ? whole book and into this case as well rehearse for her cross examination† theatre metaphor has been continued throughout. We have become much more concerned about free speech violations than privacy violations: the former attack the undivided attention of human rights organisations while the latter are rarely condemned† This means that free speech and privacy cannot work ? together and the laws must be specific to the situation to determine which one has been breached to a higher degree. ? There was a deal done between the parties which paid Taylor to not go to court and which saved Diana from any embarrassment. The case never went to trial.

The Pros and Cons about Outsourcing free essay sample

Diversity is crucial and inevitable for any service organisations to create opportunities for more innovative ideas. Diversity involves individuals from different ethnic background, culture, age, gender, status and personality characteristics to communicate and share values. To promote and implement diversity, managers should have an effective recruitment strategy. Although diversity creates opportunities, it can create contemporary issues. The issues on diversity are rather complex. This is due to the changing nature of social trends organisations need to adapt. For example, there has been an increase of women entering in the workforce by 40 per cent since August 1961 [ABS, 2013. ] and an increase of employment in part-time and casuals since 1979. The percentage of full-time employees fell from 42 per cent to 39 per cent, while part-time increased from 25 per cent to 36 per cent [Lawson, 2007. ]. There are other several trends which influence the nature of diversity in the service industry. These include the recognition of Australia characteristics as more of a multicultural country. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons about Outsourcing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country is also known as an aging population and is skewed towards white-collar services. An increase of technology development creates more of a diverse country through networking. This suggests that social attitudes, cultural trends and values can often change. For example, Qantas had the difficulty of maintaining the company’s consistency in terms of performance due to the changing nature of diversity. Work-life balanced positions are more in demand. Thus Qantas has responded in employing more casual and part-time employees. This change has driven Qantas to reduce costs and improved its international competitiveness. There has also been an increase in participation of women in the workforce. Qantas has the total 42 per cent of women in which only 23 per cent of women occupy senior roles [Broadbridge, D. (2013: 68)]. Thus Qantas had implemented family practices to maintain women within the airline. This reinforces that, there is a need of ongoing diversity management to gain a productive diversity. Hence organisations are able to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. Managing diversity is defined as â€Å"the challenge of meeting the needs of a culturally diverse workforce and of sensitizing workers and managers to differences associated with gender, race, age and nationality in attempt to maximise the potential productivity of all employees† [Ellis and Sonnenfield (1994: 82)]. Tesco, a UK customer focused retailer has identified the essential of diversity management. To reach its maximum potential goals, Tesco has established a clear mission statement – â€Å"we make what matters better, together† [Tesco PLC, 2013]. The retailer’s mission statement promotes productive diversity. Tesco has recognised the importance of inclusion to ensure high employee satisfaction. The strong communication between managers and employees encourages each employee to maximise their own potential productivity against the organisation values and its benchmark. The industry further provides flexibility to all employees where â€Å"everyone is welcome† to motivate employees to become further productive. Therefore as a result, Tesco has gained significant benefits. These benefits include an increase of diverse knowledge and skills towards customer services, innovative opportunities, positive reputation of the organisation and an increase of service productivity. Thus it reinforces the importance of effective diversity management to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. A financial company, Westpac has also incorporated diversity management strategies to ensure the company achieve its vision – â€Å"To be one of the world’s great companies, helping our customers, communities and people to prosper and grow† [Westpac Group Ltd, 2013.]. Westpac has established The Westpac Group Diversity Council and diversity policy to ensure their objectives have been achieved. The policy outlines that managers should have continuous review and discussions in addressing with any emerging diversity-related organisational issues. This provides the organisation a constant strategic and effective diversity management evaluation. It also outlines engagement strategies such as effective communication to increase its productive diversity. Hence ensures the company reaches its vision. Westpac Ltd, 2013, has clearly identified within its industry that, 43% of employees (36% men and 48% women) work flexibly, over 12% employees have disability, 61% employees are women are and 32% of employees were born outside of Australia and New Zealand. These statistics suggests Westpac have provided an inclusion of all recruited employees to promote a diverse service culture. As result, Westpac has gained positive response in managing diversity. The finance company has received recognition as one of the world’s most ethical companies [Ethisphere Institute, 2013.]; top ten employer for LGBTI (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender and Intersex) inclusion [Australian Workplace Equality Index Awards, 2013. ]; won the Gender Equity in workforce [AHRI Diversity awards, 2013. ]; won the Employer of Choice for Women Award [Workplace Gender Equality Agency, 2013. ] and has been ranked 10th in the Global 100 list of the world’s sustainable corporations. Therefore it emphasises the need of diversity management in service industry to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. Diversity can provide organisations great benefits, but it is also the cause of contemporary issues and conflicts when organisations need employees to think in the same direction. For example, according to Sunday Morning Herald, in 2002, TPG had a discrimination-related issue – a Muslim employee had asked the organisation to have a five minute break for his prayer was rejected. The issue was brought to the Australian Industrial Relations Commission. As a result, TPG had failed to recognise its need of incorporating diversity with its culture values. Thus there was a need in changing its work ethnic values. Conflict can arise due to the differences of stakeholder’s values and miscommunication. Hence it is difficult to measure fairness and equality between the different cultures and social and ethical values. For example social etiquette is vital in a diverse service industry. The term â€Å"respect† can be interpreted in different perspectives. This is due to language barriers and different cultural aspects. It is also difficult to recruit a diverse workforce that is able to parallel with the organisational culture values. For example, most recruitment is based on skills, personal traits, experience and qualifications that are fitted to the organisation’s value. Conflicts are also inevitable, thus, managers should implement conflict resolution strategies to decrease the amount of conflicts. Conflict resolutions include identifying the issue, negotiating, mediating, grievance procedures and involvement of courts and tribunals. Thus, these strategies are a vital tool for service industries to promote productive diversity. Identifying the issue is the first step when a conflict arises. Managers who recognises the cause of the conflict are able to prevent further complex disputes. To avoid misunderstandings, managers should use active listening skills. This includes mirroring, paraphrasing, summarising, clarifying questions and providing the speaker motivational response. Negotiating is a bargaining process between two or more parties seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict [Chapman, S. 2011. ]. Mediation is the process of using a third party to settle a dispute [Samson, D.  and Draft, R. 2012. ]. Both solutions provide an ongoing communication between stakeholders to reach a â€Å"win-win† situation. Grievance procedures are used in certain conflict situations which must be handled in procedure. This method provides clear instructions on resolving a dispute. Courts and tribunals are a third individual mechanism that enforces a solution based on the conflict circumstance. Although it is used effectively to end a dispute, it could be argued that, this mechanism would be the causes of organisations to have further internal disputes. This is due to the negative publicity. In 2011, Qantas had a dispute in terms of different values between CEO and the union and employees. It could also be argued, that this conflict is due to poor management. The issue was based on providing employees a sense of job security, due to the â€Å"cultural shift† of outsourcing parts of its operation to Asia. The lack of flexibility and ineffective communication due to the top-down management hierarchy were also the causes of conflict. As result, the dispute had become internationally known and major costs were involved. Qantas human resource managers should have clearly communicated its vision to provide a sense of employee’s job security. Integrating diversity in the workplace is not only to create opportunities but it is to abide legal ethics. The legislation enforced in Australia to ensure equality employment is Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1987 (Cth). The Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) outlines that all employees have equal access to the opportunities that are available, including promotion possibilities, overtime availability and leave entitlements [Chapman, S. 2011]. Thus, it could be argued, that, the legislation promotes diversity. Organisations which fail to abide the legal systems would be subjected to hefty fines and gain a negative industry reputation. For example, in 2003, the phone company, TPG had discriminated a female pregnant employee under the EEO. The company did not offer a suitable part-time position after her maternity leave. As a result of this issue, TPG had to cover $75,000 of damage [Sunday Morning Herald, 2003. ]. This suggests poor productive diversity. It is recommended, that TPG should evaluate its diversity management and its culture values. This case study also suggests the need to reform the legislation where women with pregnancy are included to avoid further conflicts. Thus, the Equal Employment Opportunity Amendment Act 2012 (Cth) legislation further reinforced and depicts issues on conflicts based upon discrimination, harassment and racism. Westpac and Qantas have obligated to promote EEO within the workforce. Westpac has effectively promoted EEO and its values to employees. The establishment of the diversity council group had lead Westpac to manage its diversity effectively. Through continuous evaluation, Westpac has created high staff morale. Thus the company is able to maintain its low staff turnover and absenteeism. Qantas has established a Diversity Statement to ensure the airline industry is obligated to the EEO. The EEO provides Qantas to promote diversity through leadership, talent and development programs, flexible work arrangements and recruitment and selection processes [Qantas Airways Ltd, 2013. ]. This management approach supports Qantas objectives, delivers competitive advantage and benefits to customers. In conclusion service industries that effectively implement diversity management allows organisations to achieve its maximum potential goal. Hence it is an essential strategy for managers maintain a sustainable competitive advantage through productive diversity. It is also an opportunity for organisations to embrace diversity to become more innovative. Although productive diversity allows positive recognition response like Westpac, it can also be the cause of contemporary issues. Unable to identify contemporary issues will lead to conflicts. Conflicts are inevitable. Therefore, there is a need for conflict resolution mechanism to maintain ethical practices in the workforce. Further disputes can create a disadvantage. For example, Qantas should have positive reinforcement if there is a need for change of work practices. The lack of job security has lead unions and employees to go on strike. As result, major financial costs were involved and negative publicity. The establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1987 (Cth) is enforced for all organisations to abide. The legislation ensures equity and fair ethical practices in the workforce. Failure to abide the legislation results in disadvantage outcomes. This could include negative publicity, increase of costs and decrease staff morale which leads to high staff turnover and low productive diversity. Overall the importance of incorporating diversity management, conflict resolution and equal employment opportunity determines the effectiveness in achieving organisations objectives. It is strongly recommended that, service industries should continuously evaluate its effectiveness of diversity management and conflict resolution to ensure an increase of productive diversity.