Adolescent Alcohol Use As A Public Health Problem

This paper hypothesizes that the outcome, adolescent alcohol use, is not only the product of multilevel influences, but also of risk factors accumulated over the individual’s life course, and presents a graphic conceptual framework in order to demonstrate this. Adolescence is defined herein as 10-19 years of age, in accordance with the WHO definition. Alcohol use is defined as the ingestion of alcohol. Adolescent alcohol use is a public health problem because of its consequences, which include car accidents, substance abuse and substance abuse disorders in adolescents and in later adulthood, and negative impacts on the brain and its development. Structure of the Framework The conceptual framework has two axes, representing time and†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"national† level refers to the overarching context in which all members of a political community find themselves. It is at this level that laws and other policies which affect all members of the community are set. The â€Å"community† level refers to the local context in which the adolescent finds him or herself, and includes local laws/local enforcement of national laws, people and places (such as neighbors and liquor stores). The next two levels are school and family, and finally the â€Å"individual† level refers to all of the elements that make up the individual: genetics, behavior, experience over the life course (this is where the vertical axis interacts with the horizontal axis at the individual level), and the cognitive processing which ultimately leads to the outcome. The colors represent the accumulation of load. Accordingly, the highest level, national, is very light in color. At the individual level, the color is darkest, signifying the accumulation of the influences/risk factors associated with all of the levels. A multi-level and life course perspective is crucial to understanding the outcome, adolescent alcohol use. The multi-level perspective is essential because no individual exists in a vacuum and â€Å"psychopathological processes occur within and across multiple levels of functioning, from molecular or genetic to family, peer, cultural, or solar systems; therefore, multiple disciplines and

Savagery Of The Native Americans - 906 Words

Savagery of the Native Americans The Revolutionary War made Native American tribes fight each other, for the gain of the European settlers. These settlers portrayed us as ruthless tomahawk wielding savages. With our portrayal they bolster the support for either the Loyalist or the Patriots cause. Of course at this time any information albeit a way of war was utilized by the parties. John Vanderlyn, has depicted us from his work of, â€Å"The Murder of Jane McCrea,† as feral beings incapable of reason decapitating women and children. Even though Indians have fought in their European or Colonial infantries they still illustrated them as savages to their people. Since the landing of the first settlers the depictions of Native Americans were beasts. This is prevalent in the earlier artworks of explorers as Native Americans were anatomically portrayed bearing tails. As time went on the ideas ever perpetuating in the annals of the settlers about the natives, became a more violent vi ew. These settlers treaded upon the land expecting tribes to abandon areas where generations of their people have hunted and lived. The tribes, although no strangers to conquest themselves, have in terms of survival, the necessary motives to use acts of aggressions against the settlers. This in turn created a circle of violence. Yet, for all the violence and indignation some tribes decide to side with settlers. The painting by John Vanderlyn, portrays a scene of a raid on a village. A woman is heldShow MoreRelatedNative Americans During The 20th Century1494 Words   |  6 Pagesassimilation has been fought for and against. Many people, such as the Native Americans, were forcibly stripped of their culture and Americanized. Others, such as the German Americans, willingly assimilated in political views but tried to hold onto their culture. All of these situations lead to hatred from white Americans at some point throughout our history. The Native Americans during the westward expansio n, German Americans during WWI, and Japanese immigrants during WWII. Even though some of theseRead MoreBarbeque Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pagesword all Americans are familiar with. The word brings reminisce of rich and smoky smells of meat slowly roasting and savory tastes that cover our mouths, chins, and clothes. Its most commonly associated with a celebration or a simple gathering of friends and family. As we tear into its flesh, we do not think of the role barbeque has played in society throughout history. 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The United States culminates these qualities not only as a first-world country but it can also be seen from the very beginnings of the nation’s history. The philosophies’ of early settlers in the United States was to have equality between the people, however Americans failed to incorporate this ideology of equalityRead MoreMary Rowlandsons Captivity Narrative, The Sovereignty And Goodness Of God, And Edgar Huntly1815 Words   |  8 PagesBrown’s novel Edgar Huntly both use the theme of savagery, in which the world of the frontier enables self-proclaimed â€Å"civilized† people to rationalize savage behavior, showing that everyone has the capability of savagery, and all have inner, dark impulses that are an inherent part of one’s human nature. 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The main victims of the placement into reservations were Native Americans. The Anglo Americans often times brought with them disease that afflicted the Native Americans. Most of the encounters between the Native Americans and the Anglo Americans escalated to violence. Often times, the violent encounters by the Anglo Americans became massacres whichRead MoreFilm, Art And Literature Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesplatform for Native Americans to be acknowledged as a culture but also became a medium of racism and stereotyping due to the producers and creators in power. The way many portray and view Native Americans in film now can be traced back to when early films featured them. In the cinematic industry, â€Å"Native North American filmmaking and television broadcasting gained momentum, alongside the work of other minority groups, in the late 1960’s† (Raheja). Like many other minority groups, the American Indian group’sRead MoreReflection On Out Of America By Keith Richburg1369 Words   |  6 PagesReflection on Out of America Keith Richburg is an American reporter for the Washington Post. He felt somewhat like an alien in America due to the racism and some of the stereotyping that was going on. One example he wrote about was when the author walked out of a store and immediately being checked if he stole anything. The only suspicion the guard had was that he was black. Due to things like this, he wanted to discover his true roots back in Africa. He takes up the job of being a foreign reporterRead MoreThe Unredeemed Captain Is The Factual Telling Of The Deerfield Massacre Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesWilliams family who lost their daughter as a captive to the Bear tribe of the Mohawk Native Americans. The book deeply explores religion and how it relates to the ideas of savagery and family through comparison of experiences in the lives of the Puritans and the lives of the Native American captors. The Deerfield Massacre occurred in 1704 in Massachusetts. The massacre was carried out by a tribe of Native Americans in retaliation against French and English attacks. The small town of Deerfield was

Differentiating Between Market Structures And The Market...

Differentiating Between Market Structures Arthur Levitt once wrote, â€Å"Our markets have not achieved their greatest successes as a result of government fiat, but rather through the efforts of competing interests working to meet the demands of investors and to fulfill the promises posed by advancing technology.(Arthur, Levitt. (2015)) The competitive nature of an industry is what drives our markets throughout the world. An industry consists of all firms making similar or identical products. McDonald’s Corp., which falls underneath the food and beverage industry, has implemented multiple competitive strategies under the microeconomics concepts. The market structure McDonalds Corp. competes in, the level of competition, competitive strategies and recommendations related to the strategies identified will be covered in this paper. The Market Structure McDonald’s originated in America around 1955 and became a global fast food chain. Many organizations in the fast food industry sell the same product as McDonalds. After reviewing the market structures, I have chosen to classify McDonald’s as a monopolistic competition. Monopolistic competition is a market structure that numerous of firms sell products that are similar but not identical. (Colander, D. C. (2013)) This market structure was chosen due to Burger King, Wendy’s, Sonic and many more are selling the same products burgers and fries just like McDonalds but, with their own unique style and taste. The monopolistic marketShow MoreRelatedDifferentiating Between Market Structures1766 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating between Market Structures Jessika Canales Dà ­az ECO /365 08/28/2010 Instructor: SR. Carlos Mà ©ndez David Differentiating between Market Structures In this simulation, the learner studies the cost and revenue curves in different market structures perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, or oligopoly faced by a freight transportation company, and makes decisions to maximize profits or to minimize losses. The simulation also deals with the concept of Prisoner’sRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1598 Words   |  7 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Jennifer Lavallee ECO/365 May 27, 2013 Market structure is the physical characteristics of the market within which companies react. This means that there are different kinds of market structure based on how companies work together within a particular industry. Location and product have the most to do with determining the market structure. There are four defined market types. The first market structure is called the perfectly competitive market. TheRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1924 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Alana Campbell, Dale Fortune, Katrina Beyah, Leonard Cooper University of Phoenix ECO/212 Principles of Economics Donnetta McAdoo December 5, 2011 Differentiating Between Market Structures To understand the economy of today one must understand the different market structures that make up the economy. There are four market structures that define the economic structure within the world’s economy; perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competitionRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1692 Words   |  7 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Using the virtual organization of Kudler Fine Foods, evaluations will be made to determine market structure and competitiveness. Kudler Fine Foods current strategic plan for 2003, marketing overview, and market surveys will provide information to evaluate how Kudler competes in its market and where its strengths and weaknesses are located. Based on the evaluation of Kudler Fine Foods an applicable market structure will be determined and the structures effectsRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1910 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Don Peterson ECO/365 February 2, 2015 Elena Zee Differentiating Between Market Structures A market structure in economics describes the state of a market with respect to its competition. There exist several different market structures like perfect competition, oligopoly, and monopolies among others. These markets all produce different types of goods or services, like public and private goods as well as common and collective goods. Firms operatingRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1134 Words   |  5 PagesDiffereantiating Between Market Structures Identify  the market structure in which this organization competes. Clearly indicate why the market structure was decided upon and how this market structure differentiates from the other alternatives.   MARKET STRUCTURE The interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers and degree of collusion among them, level and forms of competition, extent of product differentiation, and ease of entryRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating between Market Structures The structure of a market is defined by the number of firms in the market, the existence or otherwise of barriers to entry of new firms, and the interdependence among firms in determining pricing and output to maximize profits. 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Wal-Mart’s market structure is typical of most of our nation’s largest corporations in that they are an oligopoly (BrownRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Yvonne C Rivera ECO/365 May 16, 2013 Paul de la Pena Abstract There are many TV service providers available in the U.S; however there are only two companies that offer services via satellite. Dish operates within the monopolistic competition market. Dish has been in business since the early 1980’s and has gradually worked its way up to become one of the leading satellite provider and innovator of new technology. In 2013 they offer service to overRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler1022 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler ECO365 â€Å"Kudler Fine Foods was established in 1998 when Kathy Kudler fulfilled her vision of establishing her own gourmet food store. The La Jolla store continues to grow while the Del Mar store has been having some difficulties. The store in Encinitas has just opened, but sales seem brisk.† (Apollo, 2011, Strategic Plan, p. 3) The owner works 7 days a week and performs many jobs from purchasing to stocking shelves. Kudler Fine Foods sees

How Much Have the Olympics Really Changed Since Ancient Times free essay sample

Many of the claims people have made about connections between the ancient and modern games are false. The Olympics presents itself as a vehicle for world peace and unity, justified by the idea that the so-called ancient Olympic â€Å"truce† involved a cessation in fighting across the Greek world during the games. But we now know that it was mainly just for protecting those who travelled to the games.Then there is the elitist ideal of Olympic amateurism in the 19th and early 20th centuries. That was justified by the idea that ancient athletes competed just for the sake of it, but it is clear now that they were in it for money.The history of the triple jump is strangest of all. It was invented for the 1896 Athens Olympics in response to an ancient text recording a long-jump record of more than 15 metres. When you look at the text more closely, it becomes clear that the distance was meant as a joke. We will write a custom essay sample on How Much Have the Olympics Really Changed Since Ancient Times? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Holy cow!Misleading claims like these have generally been based on a relatively small number of literary texts from the fourth and fifth centuries BC (the classical period). But if you really want to understand ancient sport you need to look also at the thousands of surviving athletic inscriptions carved on stone from the last three centuries BC (the Hellenistic period) and the Roman Empire (from 31BC onwards): few other texts give such a vivid glimpse of ancient day-to-day life.When you look at that material you realize just how bizarre and alien some aspects of ancient sport were by modern standards, especially the religious element. Imagine cows being sacrificed between races in the middle of a modern Olympic stadium, for instance.3. Calendar crunchingYet this material also points us to some surprising similarities between ancient and modern. Many have argued that complex and bureaucratic sporting events were only developed in the 19th century. The evidence from the Roman Empire shows that this can’t possibly be right.