The Father Of Participant Observation - 870 Words

Furthermore, functionalist emphasized fieldwork much like historical particularism. The â€Å"father of participant observation† Malinowski was a psychological functionalist. His stay in the Trobriand Islands was not his choice due to war, however, his method of ethnography made him one of the greatest ethnographers known today (McGee Warms 2012: 152). Compared to historical particularism, he reinforced that anthropologist should immerse themselves in the local culture. Malinowski describes ethnographic fieldwork as â€Å"where the most generalized inferences are obtained as the result of long inquiries and laborious inductions,† (Malinowski 2012: 157). The long inquiries he is referring to is the same design Boas and Radin were doing. All three men resided with the natives for extensive periods of time to collect a complete understanding of what culture is to another group of individuals. In addition to the emphasis on fieldwork and learning the native language, functionalism and historical particularism also share concepts related to Kroeber as well as Radcliffe-Brown. Both anthropologists were interested in the roles and rules of societies and not the individual. They were stressing the super-organic nature of society. It is important to note that the idea that the individual is unimportant is not true for all advocates of historical particularism. Kroeber is the anthropologist that strays from his mentor Boas in this example. Kroeber’s idea is civilization is apart from theShow MoreRelatedThe Cognitive Behavioural Approach to Counselling Therapy.1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. Participant observation How do we really find out about the way of life of a group of people? One way is to join them – to participate in their daily activities amp; observe what they say and do. This research method is known as participant observation. It was used by John Howard Griffin (1960) a white journalist who dyed his skin black in order to discover what it was likeRead MoreThe Effect Of Performance Measurement On The Public Sector1533 Words   |  7 PagesWho is considered the father of TQM, what are the key elements, and why are they important in our discussion of performance measurement in the public sector? The father of Total Quality Management is W. Edwards Deming. The key elements of TQM are: 1. Leaders must develop and disseminate the aims and purposes of the organization. Management must also commit to them. 2. Everyone, including upper management, must learn the new philosophy. 3. In the interest of processes improvement and cost reductionRead MoreThe Article Fathers Involvement On Children s Services : Exploring Local And National Issues1421 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be critiquing the article ‘Fathers Involvement in Children s Services: Exploring Local and National Issues in ‘Moorlandstown’ (Gillina et al, 2012). The article uses qualitative method to establish why fathers are less likely to access children services. It will be using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) framework to understand qualitative research to critique this research (CASP, 2013). This framework has been chosen to aid the critical thinking in a systematic mannerRead MoreMother Child And Father Child Relationships Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesMother-Child and Father-Child Relationships â€Å"Parent-Child Relationships, Parental Psychological Control, and Aggression: Maternal and Paternal Relationships† written by Murray, Dwyer, Rubin, Knighton-Wisor and Booth-LaForce (2013) sought to understand the role of paternal and maternal parenting in predicting child developmental outcomes. Specifically, the study focused on the examination of the extent to which quality father-to-child and mother-to-child relationships moderate or lessen the impactRead MoreThe Positive Health Impacted By Fathers Involvement1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe literature review conducted by Plantin, Olukoya, and Ny is about the positive health impacted by fathers’ involvement in regards to the mothers, children, and the fathers themselves when involved in the pregnancy and childbirth (2011). The literature reviewed is based on European men. Paternal involvement with pregnancy and delivery has positive outcomes, yet there is little help offered geared towards men in regards to parent ing. This literature review expands on reasons and possible ways toRead MoreRelationship Measures Of Attachment Security And Parental Sensitivity1214 Words   |  5 Pagespositively related, which adds to the literature supporting the validity of the AQS and MBQS-mini (Tarabulsy, et al., 2009). Moreover, these findings were anticipated as the two measures are complementary and can be assessed using the same parent-child observations. Parental sensitivity was related to all EA dimensions. In contrast, attachment security was not related to any dimensions of EA, except the dimension of adult structuring. The latter findings failed to replicate results in past research whichRead MoreThe Basic Process For Conducting Psychology Research797 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen invented. The basic process for conducting psychology research involves asking a question, designing a study, collecting data, analysing results, reaching conclusions and sharing the findings. Case studies, surveys, naturali stic observation, and laboratory observation are some of the examples of descriptive or correlational research methods psychologists use to conduct their studies. Case study a collection of data about a person, event, group, or community. The data can be primary or secondaryRead MoreIncreasing A Desired Social Skill For A Typically Developing Male1623 Words   |  7 Pagesto target it in other environments with his peers to promote generalization of this skill. Student Description The participant chosen for this study is a four-year-old typically developing male. In order to obtain anonymity we will call this client, Sean. Sean is currently enrolled in a private pre-kindergarten class. Sean s primary caregivers are his mother and father who reside with him and his younger sibling, who is 14 months of age. Sean typically struggles with sharing toys withRead MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research1442 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. (Denzin Lincoln, 2005, p. 3) Different from quantitative research that collects and analyzes numerical data, qualitative research deals with non-numerical data such as interviews, participant observations, audio and visual images, field notes, reflexive journals, and document. Additionally, different from quantitative research that data are collected and interpreted based on large size of samples, qualitative research usually generate dataRead MoreCorrelation Between Prosocial Behaviors And Prosocial Behavior1491 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviors and empathy-related responding at later ages than compliant sharing, helping, or spontaneous helping. Sample Participants included 16 males and 16 females (30 Caucasian, 2 of Hispanic origin) interviewed 11 times across the period from 4 to 24 years of age. Parents level of education averaged 16.0 years for the mother and 17.0 years for the father. By the time the participants had reached age 23-24, 2 had earned junior college degrees, 14 had earned a college degree, 4 were in graduate school

The World Is Flat, By Thomas Friedman - 1425 Words

In our world of a frequently mutable economy, there is no such thing as a sure thing. The rollercoaster effect of falling and rising expenses and needs for jobs are continuously changing as our times become more and more digital. Americans are finding that the life they cherish so dearly may be gone in a matter of seconds. Most however, lack the concept of why everything seems to be slipping away. People have become too comfortable riding of the coat tails of innovators that paved the way before them and they are finding themselves lost in the shuffle. The rest of the world is catching up and in the words of Thomas Friedman, in The World is Flat, [we] simply are not educating, or even interesting, enough of our own young people in advanced math, science, and engineering (349). Therefore, we must combat this issue at hand. America has grown idle due to the achievements of previous ideas and although we have been amusing ourselves, bathing in our own narcissism, we are no longer at the top, no longer a positive anomaly. We aren’t producing skilled and knowledgeable workers to keep our superiority, which is a direct result of an extremely problematic education system. Thus, in order to repair the damages done and the severe amount of problems in the American education system, a better functioning national system of higher education must be established. I suggest that vocational/technological schools should be combined to join in with the free community college proposal. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman856 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaker Thomas Friedman is speaking at MIT, which is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. â€Å"He is an American journalist specializing in foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues. â€Å" (Daniel H. Pink) He is talking about the basis on what the book is about and how he understood this new phenomenon. The book is titled â€Å"The Worl d Is Flat†. This title is referring to â€Å"the global economic playing field being leveled.† This is a tremendousRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman854 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaker Thomas Friedman speaks at MIT, which is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. â€Å"He is an American journalist specializing in foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues. â€Å" (Daniel H. Pink) He is talking about the basis of what the book is about and how he understood this new phenomenon. The book is titled â€Å"The World Is Flat†. This title refers to â€Å"the global economic playing field being leveled.† This is a tremendous achievementRead MoreThe World Is Flat by Thomas Friedman931 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman draws attention to some very good points concerning globalization and the world economy today. Friedman emphasizes the status of Ame rica today in relation to the other countries of the world. As I looked at the things in which he warned about or highlighted, I realized the importance of this issue. He talks about a few aspects in which need to be kept competitive in order for America to retain their current standing in the world market. First ofRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman1220 Words   |  5 PagesThis special reports dives into the changing business world of India. It starts off by describing a big day for India, one where county leaders discussed the fact that business people in their country feel disheartened and the dynastic culture of the entrepreneurs in India. â€Å"The world is Flat† by Thomas Friedman is mentioned as he describes India as a â€Å"silicon Valet with worse roads and spicier food†. And an idea of a new form of capitalism in India is discussed; stating that Indian capitalism isRead MoreThe World Is Flat By The Thomas Friedman1212 Words   |  5 Pageshave become a survival need for enterprise especially small enterprises. This aspect of change is ratified by the Thomas Friedman, a Pulitzer prize-winning author.in his book â€Å"The World is flat. He argued that it not necessary alone for the company; however, every must strive for innovative change in this cru el world of competition. According to Brett Clay, today’s world is Darwinian world. He beautifully incorporate the change phenomena into market strategy and principles and said that even todayRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas L. Friedman Essay1938 Words   |  8 PagesThe World is Flat Author Thomas L. Friedman analyses the technological advances that are creating a level economic playing field with previously disadvantaged countries rising in knowledge and wealth rivaling that of the United States and other world powers in the world. Telephone and computer technology, previously a stronghold only of developed countries, is now easily accessible and has been accessed and mastered by countries such as China and India, making these nations competitive. Friedman perceivesRead MoreThe World Is Flat, By Thomas L. Friedman1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Is Flat is a visionary and insightful text written by Thomas L. Friedman. In short, the text brings about the study of globalization at its forefront. Moreover, Friedman analyzes the evolution of business and importance of information with respect not only to the 21st century, but with regards to the history of trade as we know it. It is from this study and understanding that Friedman engages in a detailed thought pr ocess as to how an institution, government, or individual can remain competitiveRead MoreThe World Is Flat !, By Thomas L. Friedman1524 Words   |  7 Pagesvisible symbol of the increasing integration of world market, could been discovered around everywhere. As Thomas L. Friedman (2005) states, ‘World is flat!’, which means world is being shrunk by the spreading of globalisation. Globalisation, a result of social development, can be described as the increase in cross-broader trade and influence on the economic and social behaviour of nation states (David Begg, 2003:272). This process has affected the world widely and deeply, principally in economics, industrialRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Friedman And Wendell Berrys The World Is Flat1224 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Friedman and Wendell Berry expressed an opposing and favorable side towards the advancement of technology. In Thomas Friedmans The World is Flat, he discusses the favorable aspects of technology, and how the advancement of technology is making our world â€Å"flatter.† Friedman is not opposed to this change and is in fact impressed with the new era we have entered into, as well as the positive aspects of technology. On the other hand, Wendell Berry’s Why I am Not Going to Buy a Computer showsRead MoreThe Post American World, by Fareed Zakaria and The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedm an817 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehend that the world around us is changing technologically, politically, and economically. In â€Å"The Last Superpower† an excerpt from the book The Post American World by Fareed Zakaria published in 2008. Zakaria emphasizes on these changes. Thomas Friedman the author of â€Å"The World is Flat† a piece from the book The World is Flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century published in 2005 also emphasizes on the same changes currently happening in the world. Zakaria and Friedman define these changes

Diana in the Docks free essay sample

She was arguing that her privacy had been breached when Bryce Taylor, the manager at her gym, set up a camera in the ceiling and took photos of her using the leg press and sold the photos to the Mirror. ? Defendant: Bryce Taylor was the defendant. He was in fact being represented by Geoffrey Robertson himself. Robertson was assigned y the court to be Taylor’s lawyer to try and make sure the trial was as fair as possible. Robertson believed that the gym was as public as could be and that anyone could have taken photos from outside the street, so what difference did it make that they were taken inside the gym. ? â€Å"LA Fitness (the gym) comprised one giant room†¦ so that everybody could see everybody else. The leg-press machine that Diana used was in front of a vast glass wall looking onto a public thoroughfare†¦ she had not objected when children pressed their noses to the glass and exclaimed, ‘Look at the Princess of Wales! ’† On the other hand, he raised the point that she could have been entitled to at least a little bit of privacy, that the manager â€Å"owed Diana some measures of consideration†. We will write a custom essay sample on Diana in the Docks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? Robertson argued that Diana was mostly to blame for the potential breach in privacy and should have been more careful with her action and known that she would not have privacy in such a public place.. Many people saw her there everyday, so what difference did it make if the images of her working out were frozen and replicated in a newspaper. â€Å"Offering her honorary membership†¦ by saving 500 pounds/year she weakened her claim that he owed her confidentiality, because she had not paid for any. † â€Å"She acquired no enforceable rights against covert photography. The Mirror had depicted what dozens of members had seen with their own eyes, and what children has seen when they gawked through the window. † ? Robertson explains how Taylor sought advice before taking the photos so he could be sure there was no law against it ? â€Å"He had gone to see a leading solicitor who told him hat since there was no protection for privacy his actions were not illegal and on that assurance he had gone ahead. † ? â€Å"Diana had been the victim of a dirty trick which provided windfall profits to undeserving people. But could she, and if so, should she, sue? † – Robertson’s opinion is that Taylor should not have done what he did even if it wasn’t illegal and was just a â€Å"trick†. The rhetorical question demonstrates a shift in tone and prepares the reader for the detail of the case that was to come. ? Could the Justice Game be won convincingly and without damage to herself† Justice comes at a price when it really shouldn’t because the person receiving justice is in the right and should not have to pay in any way for that. ? â€Å"I might have preferred to act for the princess. † shows Robertson’s personal opinion. Suggests he may have struggled to argue for Taylor because he didn’t truly believe he was right. But did this matter? † Rhetorical question shows shift in perspective; takes recount from defending Taylor to defending Diana. â€Å"But Diana wanted privacy only when it suited her. † has. As a popular figure, she really doesn’t have a choice over the privacy and yet she wants to control it. ? This is almost insulting fame and the influence it â€Å"Of privacy which requires protection not because of any contract or confidentiality or fiduciary relationship, but by reason of our humanity. † This is related to the preface when Robertson says that â€Å"this book argues for humanity† ? whole book and into this case as well rehearse for her cross examination† theatre metaphor has been continued throughout. We have become much more concerned about free speech violations than privacy violations: the former attack the undivided attention of human rights organisations while the latter are rarely condemned† This means that free speech and privacy cannot work ? together and the laws must be specific to the situation to determine which one has been breached to a higher degree. ? There was a deal done between the parties which paid Taylor to not go to court and which saved Diana from any embarrassment. The case never went to trial.

The Pros and Cons about Outsourcing free essay sample

Diversity is crucial and inevitable for any service organisations to create opportunities for more innovative ideas. Diversity involves individuals from different ethnic background, culture, age, gender, status and personality characteristics to communicate and share values. To promote and implement diversity, managers should have an effective recruitment strategy. Although diversity creates opportunities, it can create contemporary issues. The issues on diversity are rather complex. This is due to the changing nature of social trends organisations need to adapt. For example, there has been an increase of women entering in the workforce by 40 per cent since August 1961 [ABS, 2013. ] and an increase of employment in part-time and casuals since 1979. The percentage of full-time employees fell from 42 per cent to 39 per cent, while part-time increased from 25 per cent to 36 per cent [Lawson, 2007. ]. There are other several trends which influence the nature of diversity in the service industry. These include the recognition of Australia characteristics as more of a multicultural country. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons about Outsourcing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country is also known as an aging population and is skewed towards white-collar services. An increase of technology development creates more of a diverse country through networking. This suggests that social attitudes, cultural trends and values can often change. For example, Qantas had the difficulty of maintaining the company’s consistency in terms of performance due to the changing nature of diversity. Work-life balanced positions are more in demand. Thus Qantas has responded in employing more casual and part-time employees. This change has driven Qantas to reduce costs and improved its international competitiveness. There has also been an increase in participation of women in the workforce. Qantas has the total 42 per cent of women in which only 23 per cent of women occupy senior roles [Broadbridge, D. (2013: 68)]. Thus Qantas had implemented family practices to maintain women within the airline. This reinforces that, there is a need of ongoing diversity management to gain a productive diversity. Hence organisations are able to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. Managing diversity is defined as â€Å"the challenge of meeting the needs of a culturally diverse workforce and of sensitizing workers and managers to differences associated with gender, race, age and nationality in attempt to maximise the potential productivity of all employees† [Ellis and Sonnenfield (1994: 82)]. Tesco, a UK customer focused retailer has identified the essential of diversity management. To reach its maximum potential goals, Tesco has established a clear mission statement – â€Å"we make what matters better, together† [Tesco PLC, 2013]. The retailer’s mission statement promotes productive diversity. Tesco has recognised the importance of inclusion to ensure high employee satisfaction. The strong communication between managers and employees encourages each employee to maximise their own potential productivity against the organisation values and its benchmark. The industry further provides flexibility to all employees where â€Å"everyone is welcome† to motivate employees to become further productive. Therefore as a result, Tesco has gained significant benefits. These benefits include an increase of diverse knowledge and skills towards customer services, innovative opportunities, positive reputation of the organisation and an increase of service productivity. Thus it reinforces the importance of effective diversity management to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. A financial company, Westpac has also incorporated diversity management strategies to ensure the company achieve its vision – â€Å"To be one of the world’s great companies, helping our customers, communities and people to prosper and grow† [Westpac Group Ltd, 2013.]. Westpac has established The Westpac Group Diversity Council and diversity policy to ensure their objectives have been achieved. The policy outlines that managers should have continuous review and discussions in addressing with any emerging diversity-related organisational issues. This provides the organisation a constant strategic and effective diversity management evaluation. It also outlines engagement strategies such as effective communication to increase its productive diversity. Hence ensures the company reaches its vision. Westpac Ltd, 2013, has clearly identified within its industry that, 43% of employees (36% men and 48% women) work flexibly, over 12% employees have disability, 61% employees are women are and 32% of employees were born outside of Australia and New Zealand. These statistics suggests Westpac have provided an inclusion of all recruited employees to promote a diverse service culture. As result, Westpac has gained positive response in managing diversity. The finance company has received recognition as one of the world’s most ethical companies [Ethisphere Institute, 2013.]; top ten employer for LGBTI (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender and Intersex) inclusion [Australian Workplace Equality Index Awards, 2013. ]; won the Gender Equity in workforce [AHRI Diversity awards, 2013. ]; won the Employer of Choice for Women Award [Workplace Gender Equality Agency, 2013. ] and has been ranked 10th in the Global 100 list of the world’s sustainable corporations. Therefore it emphasises the need of diversity management in service industry to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. Diversity can provide organisations great benefits, but it is also the cause of contemporary issues and conflicts when organisations need employees to think in the same direction. For example, according to Sunday Morning Herald, in 2002, TPG had a discrimination-related issue – a Muslim employee had asked the organisation to have a five minute break for his prayer was rejected. The issue was brought to the Australian Industrial Relations Commission. As a result, TPG had failed to recognise its need of incorporating diversity with its culture values. Thus there was a need in changing its work ethnic values. Conflict can arise due to the differences of stakeholder’s values and miscommunication. Hence it is difficult to measure fairness and equality between the different cultures and social and ethical values. For example social etiquette is vital in a diverse service industry. The term â€Å"respect† can be interpreted in different perspectives. This is due to language barriers and different cultural aspects. It is also difficult to recruit a diverse workforce that is able to parallel with the organisational culture values. For example, most recruitment is based on skills, personal traits, experience and qualifications that are fitted to the organisation’s value. Conflicts are also inevitable, thus, managers should implement conflict resolution strategies to decrease the amount of conflicts. Conflict resolutions include identifying the issue, negotiating, mediating, grievance procedures and involvement of courts and tribunals. Thus, these strategies are a vital tool for service industries to promote productive diversity. Identifying the issue is the first step when a conflict arises. Managers who recognises the cause of the conflict are able to prevent further complex disputes. To avoid misunderstandings, managers should use active listening skills. This includes mirroring, paraphrasing, summarising, clarifying questions and providing the speaker motivational response. Negotiating is a bargaining process between two or more parties seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict [Chapman, S. 2011. ]. Mediation is the process of using a third party to settle a dispute [Samson, D.  and Draft, R. 2012. ]. Both solutions provide an ongoing communication between stakeholders to reach a â€Å"win-win† situation. Grievance procedures are used in certain conflict situations which must be handled in procedure. This method provides clear instructions on resolving a dispute. Courts and tribunals are a third individual mechanism that enforces a solution based on the conflict circumstance. Although it is used effectively to end a dispute, it could be argued that, this mechanism would be the causes of organisations to have further internal disputes. This is due to the negative publicity. In 2011, Qantas had a dispute in terms of different values between CEO and the union and employees. It could also be argued, that this conflict is due to poor management. The issue was based on providing employees a sense of job security, due to the â€Å"cultural shift† of outsourcing parts of its operation to Asia. The lack of flexibility and ineffective communication due to the top-down management hierarchy were also the causes of conflict. As result, the dispute had become internationally known and major costs were involved. Qantas human resource managers should have clearly communicated its vision to provide a sense of employee’s job security. Integrating diversity in the workplace is not only to create opportunities but it is to abide legal ethics. The legislation enforced in Australia to ensure equality employment is Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1987 (Cth). The Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) outlines that all employees have equal access to the opportunities that are available, including promotion possibilities, overtime availability and leave entitlements [Chapman, S. 2011]. Thus, it could be argued, that, the legislation promotes diversity. Organisations which fail to abide the legal systems would be subjected to hefty fines and gain a negative industry reputation. For example, in 2003, the phone company, TPG had discriminated a female pregnant employee under the EEO. The company did not offer a suitable part-time position after her maternity leave. As a result of this issue, TPG had to cover $75,000 of damage [Sunday Morning Herald, 2003. ]. This suggests poor productive diversity. It is recommended, that TPG should evaluate its diversity management and its culture values. This case study also suggests the need to reform the legislation where women with pregnancy are included to avoid further conflicts. Thus, the Equal Employment Opportunity Amendment Act 2012 (Cth) legislation further reinforced and depicts issues on conflicts based upon discrimination, harassment and racism. Westpac and Qantas have obligated to promote EEO within the workforce. Westpac has effectively promoted EEO and its values to employees. The establishment of the diversity council group had lead Westpac to manage its diversity effectively. Through continuous evaluation, Westpac has created high staff morale. Thus the company is able to maintain its low staff turnover and absenteeism. Qantas has established a Diversity Statement to ensure the airline industry is obligated to the EEO. The EEO provides Qantas to promote diversity through leadership, talent and development programs, flexible work arrangements and recruitment and selection processes [Qantas Airways Ltd, 2013. ]. This management approach supports Qantas objectives, delivers competitive advantage and benefits to customers. In conclusion service industries that effectively implement diversity management allows organisations to achieve its maximum potential goal. Hence it is an essential strategy for managers maintain a sustainable competitive advantage through productive diversity. It is also an opportunity for organisations to embrace diversity to become more innovative. Although productive diversity allows positive recognition response like Westpac, it can also be the cause of contemporary issues. Unable to identify contemporary issues will lead to conflicts. Conflicts are inevitable. Therefore, there is a need for conflict resolution mechanism to maintain ethical practices in the workforce. Further disputes can create a disadvantage. For example, Qantas should have positive reinforcement if there is a need for change of work practices. The lack of job security has lead unions and employees to go on strike. As result, major financial costs were involved and negative publicity. The establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1987 (Cth) is enforced for all organisations to abide. The legislation ensures equity and fair ethical practices in the workforce. Failure to abide the legislation results in disadvantage outcomes. This could include negative publicity, increase of costs and decrease staff morale which leads to high staff turnover and low productive diversity. Overall the importance of incorporating diversity management, conflict resolution and equal employment opportunity determines the effectiveness in achieving organisations objectives. It is strongly recommended that, service industries should continuously evaluate its effectiveness of diversity management and conflict resolution to ensure an increase of productive diversity.